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Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels, including coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and stroke. It is often caused by atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. This can be caused by various factors including genetic predisposition, poor lifestyle habits, such as following a standard american diet, and underlying medical conditions. CVD is a leading cause of death globally. CVD may also refer to other diseases and disorders such as hypertension, arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation.
Key features of cardiovascular disease:
- Narrowing or blockage of blood vessels, potentially restricting blood flow to vital organs.
- Damage or dysfunction of the heart muscle, valves, or electrical conduction system.
- Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress contributing to disease progression.
- Major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with significant economic burden on healthcare systems.
Management can involve modifying various risk factors through lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, smoking cessation) and pharmacological interventions. Interventional procedures (angioplasty, stenting) or surgical interventions to restore blood flow may be required.
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