diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Medicine/ApoBCVD.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Medicine/ApoBCVD.elm
index 6ee7f71..d08fffb 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Medicine/ApoBCVD.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Medicine/ApoBCVD.elm
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ argumentApoBCVD =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, substance (x) dose-dependently causes atherosclerosis if, and only if, substance (x) consistently, linearly, and proportionately associates with increased plaque volume after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a substance dose-dependently causes atherosclerosis if, and only if, a substance consistently, linearly, and proportionately associates with increased plaque volume after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "ApoB-containing lipoproteins consistently, linearly, and proportionately associates with increased plaque volume after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/DietaryCholesterol.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/DietaryCholesterol.elm
index 5330237..724ebd9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/DietaryCholesterol.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/DietaryCholesterol.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentDietaryCholesterol =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, if consuming high amounts of substance (x) increases LDL, then consuming high amounts of substance (x) increases heart disease risk."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, if consuming high amounts of a substance increases LDL, then consuming high amounts of a substance increases heart disease risk."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px→Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Consuming high amounts of dietary cholesterol increases LDL."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyChocolate.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyChocolate.elm
index a22f796..37a76bf 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyChocolate.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyChocolate.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentHealthyChocolate =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, if high saturated fat food (x) causes atherosclerosis, then populations consuming more high saturated fat food (x) have higher rates of atherosclerosis after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, if a high saturated fat food causes atherosclerosis, then populations consuming more of this high saturated fat food have higher rates of atherosclerosis after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px→Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Populations consuming more chocolate do not have higher rates of atherosclerosis after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyDairy.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyDairy.elm
index c1541f4..f95b026 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyDairy.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyDairy.elm
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ argumentHealthyDairy =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, if high saturated fat food (x) causes atherosclerosis, then populations consuming more high saturated fat food (x) have higher rates of atherosclerosis after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, if a high saturated fat food causes atherosclerosis, then populations consuming more of the high saturated fat food have higher rates of atherosclerosis after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px→Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Populations consuming more non-churned, non-homogenized dairy do not have higher rates of atherosclerosis after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFattyFish.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFattyFish.elm
index c8f9dba..7d7aac1 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFattyFish.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFattyFish.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentHealthyFattyFish =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, food (x) is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, food (x) consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a food is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, the food consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Fatty fish consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFibre.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFibre.elm
index 3fb8021..f4b0d57 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFibre.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFibre.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentHealthyFibre =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, food (x) is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, food (x) consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a food is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, the food consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Fibre, whether whole or refined, consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFood.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFood.elm
index b8e37a0..95ae107 100755
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFood.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyFood.elm
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ argumentHealthyFood =
     , proofLink = "https://www.umsu.de/trees/#(~6x~6y~6z~6w(Pxyw~4Qwxzy)),(Qdpsl)|=(Ppld)"
     , definitionTable =
         [ { definiendum = "P(x,y,w)"
-          , definiens = "a given (x) is healthy compared to a given (w) when in a given (y)"
+          , definiens = "(x) is healthy compared to (w) when in (y)"
           }
         , { definiendum = "Q(x,y,z,w)"
-          , definiens = "when within a (y) the consumption of the given (x) is likely to increase the lag-time to the onset of (z) when replacing a given (w)"
+          , definiens = "when within a (y), the consumption of (x) is likely to increase the lag-time to the onset of (z) when replacing (w)"
           }
         , { definiendum = "x"
           , definiens = "a food"
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ argumentHealthyFood =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "A given food (x) is healthy compared to another given food (y) when in a given context (w) if, and only if, when within that context (w) the consumption of that given food (x) is likely to increase the lag-time to the onset of illness, disease, or infirmity (z) when replacing a given other food (y)."
+                [ { premise = "A given a food is healthy compared to another given food when in a given context if, and only if, when within that context, the consumption of that given a food is likely to increase the lag-time to the onset of illness, disease, or infirmity when replacing a given other food."
                   , notation = "(∀x∀y∀z∀w(Pxyw↔Qwxzy))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "When trapped on a desert island the consumption of Pepsi increases the lag-time to the onset of starvation when replacing leafy greens."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyPlantFoods.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyPlantFoods.elm
index 2db2a00..11b6d06 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyPlantFoods.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthyPlantFoods.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentHealthyPlantFoods =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, food (x) is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, food (x) consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a food is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, the food consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Whole plant foods consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthySeedOils.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthySeedOils.elm
index adb24e4..3db0f10 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthySeedOils.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthySeedOils.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentHealthySeedOils =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, food (x) is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, food (x) consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a food is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, the food consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Non-hydrogenated vegetable oils consistently associate with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthySoy.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthySoy.elm
index 5052d13..93d6579 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthySoy.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/HealthySoy.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentHealthySoy =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, food (x) is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, food (x) consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a food is overwhelmingly healthy if, and only if, the food consistently associates with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Soy products consistently associate with a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/Malondialdehyde.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/Malondialdehyde.elm
index e5912e9..84331f3 100755
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/Malondialdehyde.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/Malondialdehyde.elm
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ argumentMalondialdehyde =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "A substance (x) increases the risk of atherosclerosis if and only if that substance (x) facilitates the oxidative modification of LDL particles."
+                [ { premise = "A substance increases the risk of atherosclerosis if, and only if, that substance facilitates the oxidative modification of LDL particles."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Malondialdehyde facilitates the oxidative modification of LDL particles."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/PolyphenolReductio.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/PolyphenolReductio.elm
index 856e73c..01b633b 100755
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/PolyphenolReductio.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/PolyphenolReductio.elm
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ argumentPolyphenolReductio =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "If plant defense chemicals (x) are harmful and plant defense chemicals (x) are contained in a food (y), then plant defense chemicals (x) render the food (y) harmful."
+                [ { premise = "If plant defense chemicals are harmful and plant defense chemicals are contained in a food, then plant defense chemicals render the food harmful."
                   , notation = "(∀x∀y(Px∧Qxy→Rxy))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Polyphenols from grass are harmful."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/SodiumCVD.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/SodiumCVD.elm
index e831a55..c8cc8b4 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/SodiumCVD.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/SodiumCVD.elm
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ argumentSodiumCVD =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, if a substance (x) consistently raises blood pressure in controlled studies and elevated blood pressure is known to cause cardiovascular disease, then higher intakes of that substance (x) increases cardiovascular disease risk."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, if a substance consistently raises blood pressure in controlled studies and elevated blood pressure is known to cause cardiovascular disease, then higher intakes of that substance increases cardiovascular disease risk."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px∧Q→Rx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Sodium consistently raises blood pressure in controlled studies."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/TMAOCausality.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/TMAOCausality.elm
index 1543d5c..314f0c0 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/TMAOCausality.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/TMAOCausality.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentTMAOCausality =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, if substance (x) is likely to be causative of heart disease if, then substance (x) consistently associates with an increased risk of heart disease after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, if a substance is likely to be causative of heart disease if, then the substance consistently associates with an increased risk of heart disease after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "TMAO consistently associates with an increased risk of heart disease after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyCoconutOil.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyCoconutOil.elm
index f3dfc38..0f5628f 100755
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyCoconutOil.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyCoconutOil.elm
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ argumentUnhealthyCoconutOil =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "If a given saturated fat source (x) increases LDL-C at a similar rate to other saturated fat sources and and a given saturated fat source has no other known qualities that counteract said increase in LDL-C, then there is not a reason to believe that such a saturated fat source (x) is any better for heart health than other saturated fat sources that increase LDL-C."
+                [ { premise = "If a given saturated fat source increases LDL-C at a similar rate to other saturated fat sources and and a given saturated fat source has no other known qualities that counteract said increase in LDL-C, then there is not a reason to believe that such a saturated fat source is any better for heart health than other saturated fat sources that increase LDL-C."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px∧Qx→¬Rx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Coconut oil increases LDL-C at a similar rate to other saturated fat sources."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyProcessedMeat.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyProcessedMeat.elm
index 90b50e6..93d7b9f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyProcessedMeat.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyProcessedMeat.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentUnhealthyProcessedMeat =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, food (x) is overwhelmingly unhealthy if, and only if, food (x) consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a food is overwhelmingly unhealthy if, and only if, the food consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Processed meat consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyRedMeat.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyRedMeat.elm
index 780f82f..057a455 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyRedMeat.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthyRedMeat.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentUnhealthyRedMeat =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, food (x) is overwhelmingly unhealthy if, and only if, food (x) consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a food is overwhelmingly unhealthy if, and only if, the food consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Unprocessed red meat consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthySaturatedFat.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthySaturatedFat.elm
index e2e39b2..7da9fb3 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthySaturatedFat.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Nutrition/UnhealthySaturatedFat.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentUnhealthySaturatedFat =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, food (x) is overwhelmingly unhealthy if, and only if, food (x) consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a food is overwhelmingly unhealthy if, and only if, the food consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Most sources of saturated fat consistently associates with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after adjustment or control over relevant confounders and covariates."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/AntiRewilding.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/AntiRewilding.elm
index a179d46..63c9070 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/AntiRewilding.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/AntiRewilding.elm
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ argumentAntiRewilding =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, if a being (x) has negative rights, then we should not defend a being (x) from rights violations to any lesser degree than we would tolerate for humans."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, if a being has negative rights, then we should not defend a being from rights violations to any lesser degree than we would tolerate for humans."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px→¬Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Sentient animals have negative rights."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/EthicalSlurs.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/EthicalSlurs.elm
index a8b2da0..f13650b 100755
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/EthicalSlurs.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/EthicalSlurs.elm
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ argumentEthicalSlurs =
     , proofLink = "https://www.umsu.de/trees/#(~6x(Px~4Qx)),(~6x(~3Px~5Rx)),(~3Pr),(~3Qr~1Rr~5Sr),(Sr~5Wr)|=(Wr)"
     , definitionTable =
         [ { definiendum = "P(x)"
-          , definiens = "(x) slur's negative connotations have been neutralised"
+          , definiens = "(x)'s negative connotations have been neutralised"
           }
         , { definiendum = "Q(x)"
-          , definiens = "(x) slur has been rendered non-bigoted via altered usage"
+          , definiens = "(x) has been rendered non-bigoted via altered usage"
           }
         , { definiendum = "R(x)"
-          , definiens = "oppressed people will continue to suffer from the use of (x) slur"
+          , definiens = "oppressed people will continue to suffer from the use of (x)"
           }
         , { definiendum = "S(x)"
           , definiens = "it is permissible to neutralise the term retard's negative connotations"
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ argumentEthicalSlurs =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all slurs, (x) slur's negative connotations have been neutralised if and only if, (x) slur has been rendered non-bigoted via altered usage."
+                [ { premise = "For all slurs, a slur's negative connotations have been neutralised if, and only if, slur has been rendered non-bigoted via altered usage."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx))"
                   }
-                , { premise = "For all slurs, if it is not the case that (x) slur's negative connotations have been neutralised, then oppressed people will continue to suffer from the use of (x) slur."
+                , { premise = "For all slurs, if it is not the case that slur's negative connotations have been neutralised, then oppressed people will continue to suffer from the use of slur."
                   , notation = "(∀x(¬Px→Rx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "It is not the case that the term retard's negative connotations have been neutralised."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/ScratcherPioneers.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/ScratcherPioneers.elm
index 11d5da0..6f6a4fc 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/ScratcherPioneers.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/ScratcherPioneers.elm
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ argumentScratcherPioneers =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "One is a scratcher if, and only if, one tattoos without a license and/or one tattoos without observing basic health standards and/or one tattoos without having undertaken apprenticeship."
+                [ { premise = "A tattoo artist is a scratcher if, and only if, the tattoo artist tattoos without a license and/or one tattoos without observing basic health standards and/or one tattoos without having undertaken apprenticeship."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔Qx∨Rx∨Sx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "The original trailblazers of modern tattooing tattooed without licenses."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/VeganSocietyReductio.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/VeganSocietyReductio.elm
index 339fbde..be3bf9e 100755
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/VeganSocietyReductio.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Philosophy/VeganSocietyReductio.elm
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ argumentVeganSocietyReductio =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, it is vegan to do something if and only if that thing does not exploit animals."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, it is vegan to do something if, and only if, that thing does not exploit animals."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔¬Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "If some beings are not animals, then eating those beings does not exploit animals."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Politics/BoobyTrapPagers.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Politics/BoobyTrapPagers.elm
index 6e7a530..8d88536 100755
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Politics/BoobyTrapPagers.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Politics/BoobyTrapPagers.elm
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ argumentBoobyTrapPagers =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all x, x is a booby-trap if, and only if, x is a device or material AND x is designed, constructed, or adapted to kill or injure AND x functions (as a device or material that was designed, constructed, or adapted to kill or injure) when a person disturbs or approaches an apparently safe act."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, a device is a booby-trap if, and only if, the device is a device or material AND the device is designed, constructed, or adapted to kill or injure AND x functions (as a device or material that was designed, constructed, or adapted to kill or injure) when a person disturbs or approaches an apparently safe act."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px↔(Qx∧Rx∧Sx)))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "The Israeli pagers were devices or materials."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Science/EpidemiologyCausality.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Science/EpidemiologyCausality.elm
index d646b74..ed579c9 100644
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Science/EpidemiologyCausality.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Science/EpidemiologyCausality.elm
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ argumentEpidemiologyCausality =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "For all things, if a research method (x) consistently identifies associations that are later confirmed by randomized controlled trials, then research method (x) generally provides good causal estimates."
+                [ { premise = "For all things, if a research method consistently identifies associations that are later confirmed by randomized controlled trials, then the research method generally provides good causal estimates."
                   , notation = "(∀x(Px→Qx))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "Nutritional epidemiology consistently identifies associations that are later confirmed by randomized controlled trials."
diff --git a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Science/FlatEarthDebunk.elm b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Science/FlatEarthDebunk.elm
index 93e50ab..486adaf 100755
--- a/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Science/FlatEarthDebunk.elm
+++ b/frontend/src/Debate/Arguments/Science/FlatEarthDebunk.elm
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ argumentFlatEarthDebunk =
         ]
     , argumentFormalization =
         [ { premises =
-                [ { premise = "If an object (x) is perceived as rotating counter-clockwise from vantage point A (y), then, for all vantage points B (z), if vantage point A (y) is on the same side of the rotational plane as vantage points B (z), then the object (x) will be perceived as rotating counter-clockwise from vantage points B (z), as long as you are looking towards the rotational plane."
+                [ { premise = "If an object is perceived as rotating counter-clockwise from vantage point A, then, for all vantage points B, if vantage point A is on the same side of the rotational plane as vantage points B, then the object will be perceived as rotating counter-clockwise from vantage points B, as long as you are looking towards the rotational plane."
                   , notation = "(∀x∀y∀z(Pxy→(Qyz→Rxz)))"
                   }
                 , { premise = "The stars in the sky are perceived as rotating counter-clockwise from the center of the flat Earth and the center of the flat Earth is on the same side of the rotational plane as anywhere else on the flat Earth."