# Debate 1
### Human Experiment Reductio
| **Definiendum** | **Definiens** |
|:-------------------------------------------:|:------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **V** | human studies (x) are vulnerable to bias and small effect sizes |
| **D** | human studies (x) can demonstrate causality or support causal inference |
| **G** | human studies (x) are garbage |
| **e** | human experiments |
P1) If human studies are vulnerable to bias and small effect sizes, then human studies cannot demonstrate causality or support causal inference.
(∀x(Vx→¬Dx))
P2) Human experiments are vulnerable to bias and small effect sizes.
(Ve)
P3) If human experiments cannot demonstrate causality or support causal inference, then human experiments are garbage.
(¬De→Ge)
C) Therefore, human experiments are garbage.
(∴Ge)
[Proof Tree](https://www.umsu.de/trees/#(~6x(Vx~5~3Dx)),(Ve),(~3De~5Ge)|=(Ge))
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