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P1) If underpowered studies provide weaker causal estimates than adequately powered studies, then meta-analytic summations that include adequately powered studies to the exclusion of insufficiently powered studies will provide better causal estimates than meta-analytic summations that include both adequately powered studies and insufficiently powered studies.
(P→Q)
P2) Underpowered studies provide weaker causal estimates than adequately powered studies.
(P)
C) Therefore, meta-analytic summations that include adequately powered studies to the exclusion of insufficiently powered studies will provide better causal estimates than meta-analytic summations that include both adequately powered studies and insufficiently powered studies.
(∴Q)
[Proof Tree](https://www.umsu.de/trees/#(P~5Q),(P)|=(Q))
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