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🛡️ Debate/Coaching/Coursework/Classes/Class 04 - Prop Logic Basics.md
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@ -65,15 +65,15 @@ This involves a mistaken inference that because two categories share a property,
>**Form:** P implies Q, R implies Q; therefore, P implies R.
>**Example:** All dogs are mammals. All cats are mammals. Therefore, all dogs are cats.
>**Example:** If there is a dog, then it is a mammal. If there is a cat, then it is a mammal. Therefore, if there is a dog, then there is a cat.
#### 4. Illicit Major
This error is made when the conclusion improperly generalizes about all members of a category based on shared characteristics with a broader group.
>**Form:** All X are Y, all Z are Y; therefore, all Z are X.
>**Form:** All X are Y, all Z are Y; therefore, all X are Z.
>**Example:** All squares are rectangles. All rectangles have four sides. Therefore, all squares have four sides. (True, but the reasoning is invalid.)
>**Example:** All females are humans. All males are humans. Therefore, all females are male.
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@ -92,10 +92,12 @@ This involves drawing a conclusion about two groups based on their separate excl
>**Form:** No P is Q, No R is Q; therefore, No P is R.
>**Example:** No cats are dogs, No birds are dogs; therefore, no cats are birds.
>**Example:** No Scottish people are English people. No Polish people are English people. Therefore, no Scottish people are Polish people.
#### 7. Fallacy of Four Terms
The fallacy of four terms is the formal fallacy that occurs when a syllogism has four (or more) terms rather than the requisite three, rendering it invalid.
>**Form:** P implies Q, R implies S; therefore, P implies S.
>**Example:** All humans are mammals. All dogs are pets. Therefore, all humans are pets.
@ -104,9 +106,9 @@ This involves drawing a conclusion about two groups based on their separate excl
This fallacy occurs when an argument erroneously includes four distinct terms in a categorical syllogism, preventing a proper conclusion.
>**Form:** No P is Q, All R are P; therefore, No R is Q.
>**Form:** No P is Q. All R are P. Therefore, no R is Q.
>**Example:** No fish are birds, all salmon are fish; therefore, no salmon are birds.
>**Example:** No Scottish people are English. All Americans are Scottish. Therefore, no Americans are English.
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@ -116,4 +118,4 @@ This fallacy occurs when an argument erroneously includes four distinct terms in
# Hashtags
#debate
#debate_coursework
#debate_coursework