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39 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
39 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
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# Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive, inflammatory disease of the arteries that develops over many years. This can be due to various factors including genetic predisposition, poor [[lifestyle]] habits, such as following a [[standard american diet]], and underlying medical conditions. It typically begins with endothelial dysfunction (though not always), allowing [[lipoproteins]], particularly [[low-density lipoproteins]], to accumulate in the arterial wall [(1)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34773457/)[(2)](). This triggers an inflammatory response, leading to a cascade of events:
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- Recruitment of immune cells, especially monocytes, which differentiate into macrophages.
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- Formation of foam cells as macrophages engulf [[oxidized low-density lipoproteins]].
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- Migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells from the media to the [[subendothelial space]].
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- Production of extracellular matrix, forming a fibrous cap over the lipid-rich core.
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**Key features of atherosclerosis:**
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- Narrowing of the artery lumen, potentially restricting blood flow.
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- Rupture and subsequent thrombosis, leading to a [[heart attack]].
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- Chronic inflammatory process.
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- Affects various arterial beds (coronary, cerebral, peripheral).
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- Major cause of cardiovascular diseases.
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- Influenced by multiple risk factors (e.g., dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes).
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Management focuses on risk factor modification through lifestyle changes and pharmacological interventions. The goal is to slow progression, stabilize plaques, and prevent complications like myocardial infarction and stroke.
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# References
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1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34773457/
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2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32052833/
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---
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# Hashtags
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#cardiovascular_disease
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#atherosclerosis
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#heart_disease
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#low-density_lipoproteins
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#inflammation
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#subendothelial_space
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#heart_attack
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#oxidized_low-density_lipoproteins
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#cholesterol
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#hyperblog
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